Abstracts Archive

Background Coxsackievirus B (CVB) viruses are associated with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), however, whether they are causal remains unknown. A strategy to determine their involvement in T1D could involve vaccination of at-risk individuals with a vaccine targeting the six known CVB serotypes (CVB1-6) and s...

    Despite strong rationale, efforts to generate immunosuppressive therapies that protect pancreatic islets and ameliorate Type I Diabetes (T1D) have not been successful due to either safety concerns or lack of persistent efficacy. To overcome these issues and address the significant unmet need...

Background Gut microbiota may influence the development of autoimmune diabetes in both humans and Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Recent studies have shown IGRP-reactive CD8+ T-cells exhibit enhanced proinflammatory responses to a bacterial peptide mimic compared to IGRP native autoantigen. However, ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate anti-diabetic potential of bee wax venom (BWV) formulation and to elucidate its mode of action in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography (GC analysis) of BWV formulation proved the presence ...

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoreactive T cells destroying pancreatic β-cells. The costimulatory receptor, CD226, is a genome-wide association study-identified gene linked to susceptibility to T1D and other autoimmune disorders. CD226 is expressed primarily on NK cells and effec...

Background: Cross-sectional data from the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange (T1DX) has shown that 1/3 of individuals with longstanding T1D maintain detectable C-peptide. Yet, no clear relationship between clinical or physiologic outcomes and level of C-peptide was identified. Therefore, the present study was...

A recent proof of concept phase II trial demonstrated prevention of C-peptide decline in newly-diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) through administration of the drug Abatacept by intravenous infusion. Abatacept blocks the CD80/CD86 co-stimulation pathway, upon which lymphocytes are depende...

Background. Peptide immunotherapy aims to induce the tolerance to beta-cell antigens and stop beta-cell destruction in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Proinsulin peptide C19-A3 is safe and potentially effective in modulating autoreactive CD4+ T-cells and preserving beta-cell function. Methods. Our aim is to ...

Physical exercise preserves beta cell function in humans with type 2 diabetes. Exercise also reduces insulitis and preserves beta cell function in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We hypothesised that exercise will also preserve beta-cell function in humans with T1D, and undertook a pil...

Background: Patients with brittle type 1 diabetes are more prone to extreme swings in blood glucose levels, resulting in frequent bouts of hyper- or hypo-glycemia. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis. We therefore investigated the effect of fecal micro...

Background: Enteroviruses (EVs) have been linked to pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but their causality in beta cell autoimmunity remains debated. EV presence in beta cells from subjects with recent-onset T1D has been shown by immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5D8/1 against th...

Background Sphingolipids play important roles in beta cell physiology, by regulating proinsulin folding and insulin secretion and in controlling apoptosis, as studied in animal models and cell cultures. Here we investigate whether sphingolipid metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of human t...

For the first time autoantigen treatment via intra-lymphatic route has been tried in T1D to preserve beta cell function. Vitamin D per os might help to gain additional efficacy. Objectives: To evaluate the safety, and clinical and immunological response. Patients and methods: DIAGNODE-1 is a s...

Background: Defining clinical endpoints is challenging in type1 diabetes (T1D) trials. While stimulated C-peptide following mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) is the gold standard, it is cost- and time- intensive to measure. Furthermore, it fails to capture the clinical benefit expected with beta cell...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the response of T cells against pancreatic islets. The only treatment for T1D, nowadays, is insulin supplement, with still more than 50% patients suffered from diabetic complications, owing to the loss of dynamic control by islet β-cell. Ther...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological research and studies on patient samples have indicated that enterovirus infections, especially the ones caused by Coxsackieviruses (CVB) are connected to type 1 diabetes (T1D). We have hypothesized that CVB infections predispose genetically susceptible individuals to T1D ...

  Background T1D natural history follow-up studies starting from birth have shown that usually either IAA or GADA is the first appearing islet autoantibody. Children different for these two forms differ also in autoimmunity process-associated genetic markers and distribution of seroconversion age,...

Backgroud: A significant gap in the study of the onset of the autoimmune response for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and its progression is the lack of biomarkers that can be used to accurately predict and monitor these processes. Therefore, two goal of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young...

Background: Children with Down’s syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of islet, gut and thyroid autoimmunity. Onset of diabetes is accelerated in children with DS compared with the general population with 22% diagnosed before the age of 2 years. In addition, children with DS and diabetes have less ...

Background:Preclinical studies suggest that blockade of pro-inflammatory IL-17/IFN-γ secreting T cells inhibits the T1D autoinflammatory response. We assessed the safety and optimal dosing of ustekinumab (a monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-17/IFN-γ pathway) for the treatment of adult recent-on...

Background: Insulin is a target of autoimmunity that destroys beta cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the NOD mouse model of T1D, insulin delivered to the nasal mucosa induced regulatory T cells and decreased diabetes incidence. We reported two human trials demonstrating intranasal insulin was safe ...

Aims: As one of the most popular anti-diabetic drug, metformin has been applied to type 1 diabetes mostly limited to obese patients. However, its effect on β-cell function in non-obese autoimmune diabetes is less defined. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) serves as a good model with the p...

  Background: Human Enteroviruses (HEV) have been long suspected as triggering factor of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, how HEV directly impacts the pancreatic islets and trigger chronic beta-cell distress remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate effect of HEV on islet and beta cell autop...

Immune therapies for type 1 diabetes (T1D) are being tested for their ability to preserve pancreatic beta-cell function. Beta-cell function is most commonly measured using a meal test to determine the plasma C-peptide area under the curve (CPAUC). This requires 7 blood samples and takes 3 hours to p...

Background. Antigen specific immunotherapy, in which autoantigen molecules or peptide epitopes thereof are delivered into patients to promote immune tolerance, is an attractive approach to the treatment of antigen specific autoimmune diseases as it provides a potential means of slowing disease progr...

BACKGROUND: The importance of gut bacteria in human physiology, immune regulation and disease pathogenesis is well established. In contrast, the composition and dynamics of the gut virome (the viral component of the microbiome) remain largely unknown in adults including pregnant women. Viruses are i...

Engineering Erythrocytes for Immune Tolerance via CellSqueeze® Technology Derrick P. McCarthy1, Maria E. Trujillo1, Amritha Ramakrishnan1, Lindsay J. Moore1, Alfonso V. Suarez1, Finola E. Moore1, Howard Bernstein1, Armon Sharei1 SQZ Biotechnologies, 134 Coolidge Avenue, Watertown, Massachussetts, 0...

The EXALT program (FP7 EU grant) started off in February 2014. In addition to an extensive preclinical research plan, the final objective of the project is to perform a phase I clinical trial in recent-onset (≤ 6 months) adult T1D patients, using an immunotherapeutic preparation, called ImotopeTM...

Changes in the gut microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The causes and functional consequences of an altered microbiota to the host immune response against the pancreas in T1D is unknown. We have performed a multi-omic integrative analyses of human stool samp...

  Background   In TEDDY fish-derived fatty acid status during childhood was inversely associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA). The current study aimed to examine the association of fish consumption with the risk of IA as well as IAA only and GADA only as the first appearing autoantibod...