Abstracts Archive

Background: Most pathogenic T cells in NOD mice recognize an insulin B:9-23 derived peptide bound to the I-Ag7 MHC class II molecule in the weak affinity register 3 (R3). The IAg7/B:9-23(R3) complex contains two epitopes based on peptides with or without the native glutamate at position B21 or the c...

Immune therapies for type 1 diabetes (T1D) are being tested for their ability to preserve pancreatic beta-cell function. Beta-cell function is most commonly measured using a meal test to determine the plasma C-peptide area under the curve (CPAUC). This requires 7 blood samples and takes 3 hours to p...

The majority of disease associated variants in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are located in non-coding DNA and are enriched in areas of open or active chromatin. Functional annotation of the genome has revolutionised our ability to understand the “grammar” of the non-coding genome and integration of suc...

Background: Autoimmune diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease that causes severe loss of insulin-producing β cells in the islet. CD4 T cells have a central role in the destruction of β cells, yet the limited knowledge on the phenotype of circulating islet-reactive CD4 T cells restricts�...

CD8+T cells survey the repertoire of antigenic peptides on beta cells presented in the context of HLA-I. During insulitis, metabolic or inflammatory stress in the vicinity of beta cells induces local enzymatic activities and promotes the generation of post-translationally modified (PTM) neoantigens ...

Background - The antigens and epitopes recognized by CD4+ T cells in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain poorly defined. We, and others, have found that several epitopes derived from C-peptide are recognized by human islet-infiltrating CD4+ T cells implicating C-peptide as an autoantigen i...

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised by autoimmune pancreatic beta cell destruction, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. By the time of diagnosis, the autoimmune response has already destroyed many of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, making it challenging t...

The risk of developing type 1 diabetes is decreased in children born to mothers with type 1 diabetes as compared to children with a father or sibling with type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that protection is provided by the increased proinsulin and insulin production by the fetus during a maternal ty...

Background: T-cell receptors (TCRs) used by T cells in the islets and antigens targeted by such T-cells may be utilized for T-cell biomarkers and therapeutic purposes for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, we aimed to determine islet-specific TCR repertoires and their antigen specificity. Methods: We isol...

Backgroud: A significant gap in the study of the onset of the autoimmune response for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and its progression is the lack of biomarkers that can be used to accurately predict and monitor these processes. Therefore, two goal of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young...

Background and AimsStudies of pancreatic tissue gathered soon after onset of Type 1 diabetes have revealed the existence of two, age-related, immune phenotypes in inflamed islets (CD20Hi & CD20Lo). Since these also vary according to the proportion of residual insulin containing islets retained at di...

High resolution mapping of genetic risk by GWAS, eQTL and imputation has identified 52 regions of genetic risk for type 1 diabetes, and these loci are highly enriched for immune function. When combined with functional annotation data it is also clear that the genetic risk of T1D is highly enriched i...